Let's take the data collected by Lakhanpal earlier, regarding the number of students absent on one day in each class:
He presented the same data using a bar graph where 1 unit length = 1 student.
Data Table
| Class | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of students absent | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
Bar Graph Representation
Questions and Answers
Answer the following questions using the bar graph:
1. In Class 2, _______ students were absent that day.Answer: 5
2. In which class were the maximum number of students absent?
Answer: Class VIII (7 students absent).
3. Which class had full attendance that day?
Answer: Class V (0 students absent).
Let us look at an example of vehicular traffic at a busy road crossing in Delhi, which was studied by the traffic police on a particular day. The number of vehicles passing through the crossing each hour from 6 a.m. to 12:00 noon is shown in the bar graph. One unit of length stands for 100 vehicles.
Data Table
| Time Intervals | Number of Vehicles |
|---|---|
| 6–7 a.m. | 150 |
| 7–8 a.m. | 1200 |
| 8–9 a.m. | 1000 |
| 9–10 a.m. | 800 |
| 10–11 a.m. | 700 |
| 11–12 noon | 600 |
Bar Graph Representation
Key Observations and Analysis
Based on the bar graph details given in the passage, we can figure out the following:
- a. Which time interval shows the maximum traffic at the crossing?
- Answer: 7–8 a.m. (1200 vehicles passed through).
- b. Which time interval shows the minimum traffic at the crossing?
- Answer: 6–7 a.m. (only about 150 vehicles passed through).
- c. How many vehicles passed through the crossing during the second smallest traffic interval?
- Answer: About 600 vehicles during the 11 a.m.–12 noon interval.
- d. What is the total number of vehicles passing through during the two-hour interval from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.?
- Answer: 1800 vehicles. (Calculation: 1000 from 8–9 a.m. + 800 from 9–10 a.m. = 1800)
Figure it Out
The following questions are based on the traffic data collected at the busy road crossing in Delhi between 6 a.m. and 12:00 noon.
Data Table
| Time Intervals | Number of Vehicles |
|---|---|
| 6–7 a.m. | 150 |
| 7–8 a.m. | 1200 |
| 8–9 a.m. | 1000 |
| 9–10 a.m. | 800 |
| 10–11 a.m. | 700 |
| 11–12 noon | 600 |
Questions and Answers
1. How many total cars passed through the crossing between 6 a.m. and noon?Answer: 4,450 vehicles. (Calculation: 150 + 1200 + 1000 + 800 + 700 + 600 = 4450)
2. Why do you think so little traffic occurred during the hour of 6–7 a.m., as compared to the other hours from 7 a.m.–noon?
Answer: 6–7 a.m. is very early in the morning. Most schools, offices, and businesses have not opened yet, so fewer people are commuting on the road.
Answer: 6–7 a.m. is very early in the morning. Most schools, offices, and businesses have not opened yet, so fewer people are commuting on the road.
3. Why do you think the traffic was the heaviest between 7–8 a.m.?
Answer: This is peak rush hour. Most students are traveling to school, and many working professionals are heading to their offices before their shifts start.
Answer: This is peak rush hour. Most students are traveling to school, and many working professionals are heading to their offices before their shifts start.
4. Why do you think the traffic was lesser and lesser each hour after 8 a.m. all the way until noon?
Answer: After 8 a.m., the main morning rush concludes because most commuters have already reached their destinations (schools or offices), leaving mostly regular or non-peak travelers on the road.
Answer: After 8 a.m., the main morning rush concludes because most commuters have already reached their destinations (schools or offices), leaving mostly regular or non-peak travelers on the road.
Question:
How much did the population of India increase over 50 years?
How much did the population increase in each decade?
Solution
1. Increase in population over 50 years
(i) From 1951 to 1961
(ii) From 1961 to 1971
(iii) From 1971 to 1981
(iv) From 1981 to 1991
(v) From 1991 to 2001
Final Answers
Population in 1951 = 36 crores
Population in 2001 = 102 crores
Increase = 102 − 36
102-36=66
Answer:
The population increased by 66 crores over 50 years.
2. Increase in each decade(i) From 1951 to 1961
Increase = 44 − 36
44-36=8
Increase = 8 crores
(ii) From 1961 to 1971
Increase = 54 − 44
54-44=10
Increase = 10 crores
(iii) From 1971 to 1981
Increase = 68 − 54
68-54=14
Increase = 14 crores
(iv) From 1981 to 1991
Increase = 84 − 68
84-68=16
Increase = 16 crores
(v) From 1991 to 2001
Increase = 102 − 84
102-84=18
Increase = 18 crores
Final Answers
Population increase over 50 years = 66 crores
Population increase in each decade:
| Decade | Increase |
|---|---|
| 1951–1961 | 8 crores |
| 1961–1971 | 10 crores |
| 1971–1981 | 14 crores |
| 1981–1991 | 16 crores |
| 1991–2001 | 18 crores |
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